Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultural Material

Natural adhesives and cements

Wax, gums and resins are frequently used:

• as adhesives for mounting stone spear or axe heads;

• for mending broken artefacts;

• as caulking for containers;

• for modelling small figures; and

• for making ornaments and ceremonial items.

In the desert the most common adhesive is resin from the Spinifex bush—Triodia sp.—other types include gums from the Desert Grass Tree—Xanthorhea thorntonii—the Mulga—Acacia aneura—and the Ghost Gum—Eucalyptus papuvan.

In the tropical north, the wax made by native bees is the most commonly used sealant and adhesive; it is used for making small modelled figures and ornaments as well. Sometimes the gum from the Ironwood tree is also used as a cement.

Problems encountered with natural adhesives and cements

Distortion and slumping

Possible causes

• These substances change as the temperature and humidity fluctuate.

Preventive action

• Keep items with these types of materials out of direct sunlight and away from heat.